[First §] Iqbal states that the essence of “Tauhid” ‒ meaning the “oneness of God” ‒ is human unity, human equality and human freedom. Therefore, practically speaking, the spirit of Islamic culture liberates man rather than enslaving him. However, an objection is raised that while the emphasis on human “unity” and “equality” might be understandable, can “freedom” be associated with “Tauhid”? Is not “freedom” a product of contemporary Western thought? Does not every Muslim “bear witness” by offering prayers that the Holy Prophet is “Abdohu,” i.e., the “slave” of Allah. Consequently, are not all Muslims are expected to be the slaves of God?