The life and witness of the Orthodox Church in the twentieth century was marked by the collapse of the Ottoman empire and the advent of nationalism and narked by the collapse of the Ottoman empire and the advent of nationalism and ation-states in the Middle East. In order to follow and evaluate the trajector, of the Greek Orthodox Church, three main features will be examined: marty. dom, Diaspora and Orthodox renaissance movements. The Arab-sraeli conflict and the Lebanese civil war have led to serious dislocation of Christian communities and to massive Christian emigration. There is, indeed, a danger of Christian depopulation in the region; however, the Orthodox Church in the diaspora can overcome ethnic boundaries and transcend homeland nationalisms by attempting to discover the right balance between the national and the universal elements present in the Church. Orthodox renaissance movements in the Middle East declined to understand the Church as an auxiliary force for building up national identities or as a juridical body of a particular community in the struggle for state power-sharing. True liberation and Church renaissance, could, in the movement’s view, be attained only through communion, interpersonal relationship and true prayer. Despite the analogies between the developments in the Orthodox Church in Eastern and Southeastern Europe and those in Middle Eastern Orthodoxy, relentless pressures by the Arab-Israeli conflict, authoritarian regimes, the rise of political Islam and regional politics constitute tremendous restraints on a revival of Othodoxy in its cradle.‬